Mitch McConnell Notches Another Win for US Senate Floor Leaders

Floor leaders in the U.S. Senate have won reelection 87 percent of the time since the position was created in 1920

The Republican U.S. Senator with the biggest target on his back heading into the 2014 election cycle survived Tuesday.

With one-third of precincts reporting, Mitch McConnell of Kentucky led Democratic challenger Alison Lundergan Grimes by a double-digit margin with Libertarian David Patterson netting approximately three percent of the vote.

McConnell’s victory is emblematic of a few historical electoral trends.

First, it is exceedingly rare for floor leaders to be defeated at the ballot box.

A Smart Politics analysis finds sitting U.S. Senate party floor leaders have won 87.1 percent of their reelection bids – 27 wins versus just 4 losses including 17 of 18 contests since 1954.

Majority and minority party leaders have averaged 61.4 percent of the vote during these reelection bids with the 27 winners notching an average margin of victory of 28 points.

Since 1920, there have been 11 Democratic and 16 Republican floor leaders in the U.S. Senate.

(Note: The data in this analysis includes Massachusetts Republican Henry Cabot Lodge, who was the GOP’s party conference chairman and served as an unofficial party leader when the Democrats elected their first leader, Oscar Underwood in 1920).

Only four party leaders have been defeated at the ballot box – three Democrats and one Republican.

Indiana Republican and Majority Leader James Watson was the first – losing to Democrat Frederick Van Nuys by 13.6 points during the Democratic landslide of 1932.

Democratic Majority Leaders Scott Lucas of Illinois and Ernest McFarland of Arizona were defeated in back-to-back election cycles in 1950 and 1952 respectively.

Lucas lost by 8.1 points to future GOP Minority Leader Everett Dirksen in 1950 while McFarland was narrowly defeated by 2.6 points by future Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater two years later.

Fifty-two years would pass before another Senate floor leader would be toppled at the polls – South Dakota’s Daschle, who lost by 4,508 votes to John Thune in 2004.

Secondly, given the fact that McConnell’s party gained seats in the 2014 mid-term, it would have been unprecedented for him to lose his seat. In the four instances mentioned above in which floor leaders were defeated, their party lost seats in the chamber that cycle:

● 1932 (Watson): Republicans lost a net total of 12 seats as Democrats took back control of the chamber
● 1950 (Lucas): Democrats shed a net total of five seats
● 1952 (McFarland): Democrats lost a net total of two seats as the GOP took back control of the chamber
● 2004 (Daschle): Democrats lost a net total of four seats

Another way to illustrate the rarity of Senate majority and minority leaders losing their seats is that more sitting Senate floor leaders have exited the chamber through death (six) than at the ballot box (four).

Of the 25 former majority and minority leaders, nearly one-quarter (six) died while still holding their post: Democrat Joseph Robinson of Arkansas (in 1937) and Republicans Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts (1924), Charles McNary of Oregon (1944), Kenneth Wherry of Nebraska (1951), Robert Taft of Ohio (1953), and Everett Dirksen of Illinois (1969).

An additional 11 leaders either did not seek another term or resigned from the U.S. Senate mid-term, including four who became presidential or vice-presidential nominees: Republicans Charles Curtis of Kansas (to become vice-president under Herbert Hoover), Wallace White, Jr. of Maine, William Knowland of California, Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania, Howard Baker of Tennessee, and Bob Dole of Kansas (to run for President), and Democrats Alben Barkley of Kentucky (to become vice-president under Harry Truman), Lyndon Johnson of Texas (to become vice-president under John Kennedy), Mike Mansfield of Montana, and George Mitchell of Maine.

Another four party floor leaders stepped down from their position, without immediately retiring from the Senate: Democrat Oscar Underwood of Alabama (due to illness), Republican Styles Bridges of New Hampshire (to become Appropriations Committee chair and president pro tempore), Democrat Robert Byrd of West Virginia (to become Appropriations Committee chair and president pro tempore), and Republican Trent Lott of Mississippi (under pressure from his caucus).

Despite the long record of success of party floor leaders winning reelection, few have been given a free pass: only once has a floor leader run unchallenged in the general election: Democratic Minority Leader Joseph Robinson of Arkansas in 1930.

Still, although McConnell survived the 2014 cycle, it took a significant amount of resources and it was at times a rough road to victory lane.

For starters, the 60 percent won by McConnell in May’s primary was the lowest support registered by a sitting Kentucky U.S. Senator from either party since 1938 when Democrat Alben Barkley won 56.1 percent in a seven-candidate primary field that included Governor Happy Chandler.

It was also the weakest primary win by a U.S. Senate floor leader by either party since 1938 (also Barkley). The previous 21 primaries featuring a floor leader since the early 1940s saw the incumbent win an average of 89.3 percent of the primary vote.

No party floor leader has lost a renomination bid across the 31 such attempts since 1920.

Electoral Fate of U.S. Senate Majority and Minority Leaders, 1920-2014

Year	State	Party leader	Leader	Party	Result	%	MoV
1920	AL	Oscar Underwood	Minority	DEM	Won	66.1	33.0
1922	MA	Henry Cabot Lodge	Majority	REP	Won	47.6	0.9
1924	AR	Joseph Robinson	Minority	DEM	Won	73.5	47.0
1926	KS	Charles Curtis	Majority	REP	Won	63.6	28.9
1930	AR	Joseph Robinson	Minority	DEM	Won	100.0	100.0
1932	IN	James Watson	Majority	REP	Lost	43.2	-13.6
1936	AR	Joseph Robinson	Majority	DEM	Won	84.1	69.0
1936	OR	Charles McNary	Minority	REP	Won	49.7	1.4
1938	KY	Alben Barkley	Majority	DEM	Won	62.0	24.0
1942	OR	Charles McNary	Minority	REP	Won	77.1	54.2
1944	KY	Alben Barkley	Majority	DEM	Won	54.8	9.9
1950	IL	Scott Lucas	Majority	DEM	Lost	45.8	-8.1
1952	AZ	Ernest McFarland	Majority	DEM	Lost	48.7	-2.6
1954	TX	Lyndon Johnson	Majority	DEM	Won	84.6	69.7
1960	TX	Lyndon Johnson	Majority	DEM	Won	58.0	16.9
1962	IL	Everett Dirksen	Minority	REP	Won	52.9	5.8
1964	MT	Mike Mansfield	Majority	DEM	Won	64.5	29.0
1968	IL	Everett Dirksen	Minority	REP	Won	53.0	6.4
1970	MT	Mike Mansfield	Majority	DEM	Won	60.5	21.0
1970	PA	Hugh Scott	Minority	REP	Won	51.4	6.0
1978	TN	Howard Baker	Minority	REP	Won	55.5	15.2
1982	WV	Robert Byrd	Minority	DEM	Won	68.5	37.7
1986	KS	Bob Dole	Majority	REP	Won	70.0	40.0
1988	WV	Robert Byrd	Majority	DEM	Won	64.8	29.6
1992	KS	Bob Dole	Minority	REP	Won	62.7	31.7
1998	SD	Tom Daschle	Minority	DEM	Won	62.1	25.7
2000	MS	Trent Lott	Majority	REP	Won	65.9	34.3
2004	SD	Tom Daschle	Minority	DEM	Lost	49.4	-1.2
2008	KY	Mitch McConnell	Minority	REP	Won	53.0	5.9
2010	NV	Harry Reid	Majority	DEM	Won	50.3	5.7
2014	KY	Mitch McConnell	Minority	REP	Won	TBD	TBD

Note: Seven U.S. Senators never went up for reelection while holding their party floor leader title: Republicans Wallace White (ME), Kenneth Wherry (NE), Styles Bridges (NH), Robert Taft (OH), William Knowland (CA), and Bill Frist (TN) and Democrat George Mitchell (ME). Election data compiled from the Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives by Smart Politics.

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